Harmful stereotypes |
Useful generalizations
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They are retained unconsciously. |
They are retained consciously.
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They are judgmental, not descriptive.
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They are descriptive not judgmental. |
They maybe accurate but are often not.
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They are accurate. |
They are the only consideration.
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They are considered a best first guess. |
They are not modified by experience.
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They are modified by subsequent experience. |
Cornes, Alan ( 2004) Culture from the Inside Out: Travel - And Meet Yourself. Yarmouth & London, Nicholas Brealey Publishing. Pg. 29.
Harmful stereotypes:
Their aim is dividing, separating people between “them” and “us.”
They are a result of irritation because our implicit values, those we cannot explain and we have learned unconsciously without ever questioning them, are being challenged.
They are a result of few superficial observations or even no direct experience at all.
They do not consider individual and intracultural differences.
They hide the intention of making the other culture accept my standards because they are better. (Etnocentrism)
They arise from the belief that culture is a barrier that we cannot overcome.
Useful generalizations:
Their aim is joining people by making their views and behaviour understandable to others.
They are a result of a deeper understanding of implicit values hidden behind explicit facts (our own values and the values of other cultures as both are unknown to us)
They are a result of vast empirical observation scientifically analyzed and confirmed by many authors.
They take it for granted that there are generational, regional and other individual differences, and generalization is only a first step for the understanding of the other culture. After it we must learn more intracultural nuances and details. And we must always meet every individual as a unique blend who occupies a unique position in many continuums of many polarities which can collide. What might seem as a contradiction at first might be the consequence of another standard that, on this point, has the priority. But we also know that the intracultural differences are usually of a smaller grade and do not lead to such a big disorientation as the intercultural ones.
They describe both poles of the standard clear and openly so both positions can meet in the middle or find consense and reconciliation. (Integration, biculturality ...)
They arise from the belief that cultures are complementary and together we can achieve a sinergy that avoids both pathological excesses.
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Micheal Benson (domingo, 02 agosto 2020 12:00)
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